Proper Punctuation for Appositive Phrases

Proper Punctuation for Appositive Phrases Proper Punctuation for Appositive Phrases Proper Punctuation for Appositive Phrases By Mark Nichol When two terms that mean the same thing are introduced in succession in a sentence, careless writers, by omitting a crucial comma, often imply that the definition of the terms is in fact distinct. Here are some examples of misleading statements, plus discussions and revisions. 1. â€Å"Sunlight is a mixture of different colors or wavelengths, which combine to form white light.† Colors and wavelengths are, for practical purposes, the same thing, but â€Å"colors or wavelengths† implies otherwise. To signal that wavelengths is an alternative term for colors, it should be set off in an appositive phrase: â€Å"Sunlight is a mixture of colors, or wavelengths, that combine to form white light.† (Notice, too, the replacement of which with that and the deletion of the comma that followed it not all colors, or wavelengths, combine to form white light; only these do. I also deleted the usually superfluous adjective different.) 2. â€Å"Its odd properties are essential for the evolution and survival of life on Earth, particularly given its ability to form a weak connection called a hydrogen or H-bond.† The weak connection is not called a hydrogen or H-bond, and it does not have the alternative names hydrogen and H-bond, both of which possibilities are suggested by this statement; the choices are â€Å"hydrogen bond† and H-bond. To indicate that H-bond is a distinct term, that it is not an alternative to hydrogen alone, and that it is an abbreviation of â€Å"hydrogen bond† requires a minimal pair of corrections: the use of the full phrase â€Å"hydrogen bond† and the insertion of a comma after that phrase. The revision is â€Å"Its odd properties are essential for the evolution and survival of life on Earth, particularly given its ability to form a weak connection called a hydrogen bond, or H-bond.† 3. â€Å"Then, as that part of Earth passes out of the gravitational bulge, the tide goes out or ebbs.† Again, the lack of a comma between two terms separated by or implies distinct meanings (suggesting that going out and ebbing are different actions), but this sentence, in describing a scientific phenomenon, explains a process and then supplies a perhaps unfamiliar synonym, so a comma should divide them. But there’s another problem one that I haven’t seen discussed in writing guides or grammar handbooks but that has always bothered me: Why, when introducing a new term, supply the better-known synonym or a definition first what’s the use of including the new term if it’s not presented before the aid to comprehension? It seems more logical to provide the new term first, then provide context: â€Å"Then, as that part of Earth passes out of the gravitational bulge, the tide ebbs, or goes out.† (The second example in this post at least positions the appositive terms sensibly, and the first example does not apply, as one term does not define the other, as here, or clarify it, as in the second example.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidStory Writing 101The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Compound Tenses of the French Verb Prendre

Compound Tenses of the French Verb Prendre Prendre, which  primarily means to take both literally and figuratively, is a general, all-purpose verb  thats  one of the most frequently used in the French language. Its conjugation is irregular  in both the simple and compound forms,  although it has a following of other verbs ending in -prendre, such as apprendre (to learn),  that are conjugated in the same way.   Prendre is also found in a number of idiomatic expressions, such as prendre sa retraite  (to retire), prendre une decision (to make a decision) and the informal prendre a pot (to have a drink). Other Meanings of Prendre In addition to take, the French verb has several other meanings, from catch (as in, I caught him cheating) to be successful (as in, This book is going to be a great success). The reflexive form se prendre  also has several possible meanings, beginning with to consider oneself (something).   The French equivalent of to take is most often prendre,  in the sense of to move something physically from one place to another, to  take transportation,  to take something to eat or to take a size (number). But there are other French verbs as well that mean to take.  Amener,  for instance,  means to take someone or something  with you.  Enlever signifies to take something  off. And  passer un examen means to take a test.   Compound conjugations of  prendre use the auxiliary verb avoir.  To conjugate other verbs that need  avoir  as the  auxiliary verb  in  compound tenses, replace the  past participle  in these conjugations with the past participle of the new verb. Other verbs take  Ãƒ ªtre as the auxiliary verb.   Compound Conjugations of Prendre Pass compos Pluperfect Past subjunctive j ai pris avais pris aie pris tu as pris avais pris aies pris il a pris avait pris ait pris nous avons pris avions pris ayons pris vous avez pris aviez pris ayez pris ils ont pris avaient pris aient pris Future perfect Conditional perfect Pluperfect subjunctive j aurai pris aurais pris eusse pris tu auras pris aurais pris eusses pris il aura pris aurait pris et pris nous aurons pris aurions pris eussions pris vous aurez pris auriez pris eussiez pris ils auront pris auraient pris eussent pris Past anterior Conditional perfect, 2nd form j eus pris eusse pris tu eus pris eusses pris il eut pris et pris nous emes pris eussions pris vous etes pris eussiez pris ils eurent pris eussent pris Past imperative Past infinitive Perfect participle (tu) aie pris avoir pris ayant pris (nous) ayons pris (vous) ayez pris Additional Resources Simple tensesFrench verb conjugator

Eu law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eu law - Essay Example These rights include the right of residence and to remain, as long as this does not prove to be a financial burden for the host Member State. As a result, Member States can limit the free movement of workers, due to public policy limitations. Some of these limitations are grounds of public health and public security. All the same, procedural requirements have to be complied with, during the imposition of such restrictions.2 In the Bidar case,3 the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled that Bidar who had been resident in the UK, during the pursuit of his secondary education had established adequate relationship with the society of the host Member State. This relationship was held to be sufficient for rendering Bidar eligible for a maintenance grant from the UK.4 Similarly, in our problem, Marie had competed two years of her International Baccalaureate and had thereafter applied for the LLB. Marie will be eligible for a maintenance grant from the UK. This is due to the fact that she had been residing in the UK for sufficient time, during her pursuit of the International Baccalaureate studies, to establish sufficient link with the UK. As a national of the EU, an individual is entitled to seek employment in another Member State of the EU. In addition, such individuals are entitled to the same assistance from national employment offices as the host Member State’s nationals. Moreover, such individuals can stay in the host Member State for the time required to seek work, apply for employment and be recruited. No seekers of jobs can be expelled, if they establish that they are continuing to seek employment and have reasonable opportunity to obtain a job. 5 In our problem, Raimon is seeking a job in the UK. The EU principle of free movement of workers permits any national of a Member State of the EU to seek employment in any other Member State of the EU. Thus, Raimon, despite being a Spaniard can seek employment

The Importance of Organizational Planning Research Paper

The Importance of Organizational Planning - Research Paper Example Some organizations have business plans but they have failed to follow through with other types of planning. Often the leader of the organization is also the founder and this can mean that they keep everything about the business in their head. Planning is an essential aspect of moving a business forward and it is an ongoing process. In order to plan well, leaders must have strong decision-making skills, be able to see the future needs of the business, be open to change and involve other stakeholders in the planning process. One of the reasons why some organizations fail to plan is because they know it will mean change. In some situations, the board or the founder of the organization are more fond of keeping the status quo. They would rather continue to do the same things over and over because they are afraid of change. However, change must come in organizations or they will eventually close their doors. [The] Process of identifying an organizations immediate and long-term objectives, and formulating and monitoring specific strategies to achieve them. It also entails staffing and resource allocation and is one of the most important responsibilities of a management team. In business a clear vision must show the image of the business, appeals to customer needs and must be clear enough that it motivates the employees to participate. When there is a clear vision it helps leaders and employees make a commitment to the organization. Everyone knows what they are supposed to do and how their jobs fit into the rest of the organization. Goals will come out of the vision and mission statements that will show the action steps that are needed to improve the organization. Leaders know there are often challenges when they are making an attempt to plan an organizations future and move it forward. Usually, these challenges are with the people in the organization rather than with an outside influence.  

Digestion and Food Essay Example for Free

Digestion and Food Essay Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller molecules so they can pass though the intestinal wall into the bloodstream and be transported throughout the body. There are seven different food groups in a balanced diet which should include Carbohydrate, fat, water, protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals. Although most foods contain these in some shape or form the foods that contain most of one type fall into that category, a chicken fillet for example would fall under the protein category because it contains more protein per hundred grams than any other nutrient. This assignment will explain the systems and processes necessary for the digestion of a Beef sandwich and a chicken Tikka Masala with rice. In the digestion of a beef sandwich containing sliced Beef, bread, butter and a chicken Tikka Masala there are different stages of where food is broken down. Enzymes are added at different times to ensure the food is absorbed properly. Digestion technically starts in the brain. Even before food touches your lips the stomach is already preparing for the food about to be ingested. The ingestion process starts with taking food into the mouth (eating and drinking). The purpose of this is so the food can be cut into smaller pieces and saliva is added before it is swallowed. This is where the first enzymes start work. There are two enzymes found in the saliva of the mouth, salivary amylase and lingual lipase. Amylase breaks down dietary carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharide sugars and complex polysaccharides (starch). Monosaccharide’s can be easily absorbed into the bloodstream so the others need to be broken down into these before they can be absorbed (Derrickson, Tortora 2006 p906). The salivary amylase starts to break down the polysaccharide starch found in the bread of sandwich and the rice in the chicken Tikka meal while it is being chewed. Once the food has been swallowed it slides down the throat which extends into the esophagus. The smooth muscle, mucus and secretions in the esophagus enable the food to slide down easily into the stomach. At the end of the esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter which connects to the stomach. The stomach is a j-shaped organ where food is mixed with gastric juices secreted by the lining. The gastric juices consist of water, enzymes and hydrochloric acid to kill any harmful bacteria (Parker 2007 p176). The main enzyme in the stomach is called pepsin which specialises in the break down of protein. Gastric pepsin breaks proteins into polypeptides, pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase which change the polypeptides into peptides (Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins 2005 p224). The proteins in the beef part of the sandwich and chicken part of the Tikka Masala are broken down by theses enzymes in order to extract the essential amino acids found in the peptides so that they can be easily absorbed in the small intestine where the food moves to after the stomach has done its work. The intestinal mucosal peptidases in the small intestine break the peptides down into amino acids allowing this to happen. As the carbohydrate (rice and bread from the two meals) enters the stomach the salivary amylase is deactivated by the ph level. As the food then enters the duodenum which is the first part of the small intestine, another type of amylase is then added from the pancreas which changes the carbohydrates into simple sugars (Parker 2007). The simple sugars are maltose lactose and sucrose. As these are pasted further into the small intestine ‘the enzymes maltase, lactase and sucrase chop maltose, lactose and sucrose into smaller bits, more easily absorbed, which are eventually converted to glucose and absorbed through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream’ (Collins 2007). Once this has happened the glucose is transported to the liver where it can be where it can be stored or distributed to cells throughout the body (Collins 2007). Fats fall under three categories, saturated (mainly found in animal products); Unsaturated (fish, nuts) and Trans fats which are mainly found in vegetable oils and processed foods made from hydrogenated vegetable fats. Fats or lipids as there also known ‘are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvents’ (Bailey 2008). This means lipids take longer to digest than carbohydrates and proteins. The fat content of the two meals comes mainly from the butter of the beef sandwich and the cream of the Masala sauce. The Short chain triglycerides found in these are digested by gastric lipase in the stomach. The majority of fat digestion though is done in the small intestine where pancreatic lipase and bile salts are added. The bile salts emulsify fat into droplets which makes them water soluble allowing them to be absorbed more easily. The pancreatic lipase ‘breaks down fats and phospholipids into a mixture of glycerol, short and long-chain fatty acids, and monoglycerides’ (Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins 2005 p224). Small finger like projections on the small intestine called Villi give it a large surface area making it easy for the absorption allowing the fatty acids and monoglycerides to pass through into the blood stream. Nearly all vital nutrients from food are absorbed in the small intestine and the left over waste that passes into the large intestine afterwards is known as the chyme. The chyme descends through three main regions of the large intestine called the caecum, colon and rectum. During this journey sodium, chloride, and water are absorbed through the lining of the colon into the blood making less watery faeces to be excreted out of the anus.

Shakespeares Othello - The Character of Iago :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Character of Iago  Ã‚   There is no doubt in  «Ã‚  Othello  Ã‚ » as to the role Shakespeare has given  Iago, he is the villain, masterful at deceit he generates most evil in the play. The clever soldier, his incredible acting allows him to be two or three completely different people. During most of the Act the audience finds itself constantly trying to find a motive for Iago’s actions but finds none that can justify what he is about to do. What does seem to come back again and again is his view on women which he sees as sex rapacious and a danger to his machiavellian plans. Scene 1 offers us a good preview as to what Iago is going to do for the rest of the Act and ultimately the rest of the play. Our first view of Iago is of a hard deceitful man who says  «Ã‚  Sblood  Ã‚ » as opposed to Roderigo’s  «Ã‚  Tush!  Ã‚  Ã‚ », we see already his powers of deception as he explains how he is even worse off than Roderigo, his furious language:  «Ã‚  A fellow almost damned in a fair wife  Ã‚ » manages to convince the intellectual Roderigo who is presented along with Cassio in contrast to Iago. They are polite, educated, fairly wealthy and can not imagine that something as evil and motiveless as Iago exits. Iago has not only lost his promotion but also his hero in Othello. We sense the irony in  «Ã‚  We cannot all be masters, nor all masters can be truly followed  Ã‚ » and see that what Iago says he will do to Othello he is doing Roderigo, he is manipulating him. He gets a bit carried away in his speech about how he hates the Moor to the exte nt that some parts are hard to understand:    «Ã‚  Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago  Ã‚ » which might mean that if he was the Moor he would not like to be followed by Iago (himself) so that we see that although he might be exaggerating to justify taking more of Roderigo’s money he really hates Othello. We see how he enjoys playing the part of the villain and already wonder why Roderigo can’t see that Iago has insufficient motives to do what he wants to do to Othello, we aren’t sure what he plans to do but can tell that it involves extreme sufferance and maybe death. He also acknowledges here that he is not what he seems to be:  «Ã‚  I am not what I am  Ã‚ » which strengthens the impression we have had of him so far.

An Interview With a Relative

Welcome to the blue collar city of Buffalo, New York. I find myself in my great Uncle Wills old brick home in the center of South Buffalo. The house has the familiar smell of old people, in the foyer are a pair of work boots the leather old and worn, the soles nearly depleted. A layer of dust has formed on the boots that have remained untouched for decades. As I move closer to the kitchen I can hear the recognizable sound of stainless steel clinking on ceramic, the rhythmic noise can only be one thing; Uncle Will’s stirring his ever present cup of joe. I know this interview is going to take a bit so I head to the fridge to find a cold beverage. Inside the fridge, prune juice I thought â€Å"ugh†, tap water will do. My Uncle begins by interviewing me. Uncle Will is curious to know how I’m doing in school and if I like living in Kansas. We talk about family, cars and pets(he has a very fat cat). I don’t want this interview to be formal and stiff so I casually guide the conversation to his earlier years. I want to ask him about WWII but this is not what I want to focus on. I do ask about his service in the United States Army just to get an idea of how his time in the army prepared him for entering the job market. In his tour of duty he saw himself promoted three times, eventually to the rank of Captain and led a company of sixty men. This is all I want to know of his brief military service. I ask about his homecoming and the first thing he mentions is the excellent growth the economy in Buffalo has made, â€Å"it was as if the depression never happened† he says with a half smile and a look of satisfaction. The best thing is not only was the city of Buffalo prospering the entire nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific was too. I sit quiet and attentive just letting him talk. It’s like a history lecture only it’s just me front and center, completely interested in the subject. I want to know more about Buffalo and the jobs available to him so I implore. â€Å"You could just see the smiles on everyone’s faces, people walking with a bounce in their step† he tells me. The reason for the smiling faces was that Buffalo was home to Bethlehem Steel the second largest steel producer in the nation. Bethlehem Steel employed tens of thousands of the city’s people they offered good wages and a unionized work force, these things kept the grins ear to ear. The steel was mainly sent to Detroit to fuel the auto industries record sales. The primary means to transport the steel was the railroad and this is where Uncle Will found his calling. He was hired for the job almost immediately. His time leading troops in combat made him the top choice for the conductor position. Old Will describes his new job as â€Å"Love at First sight†. Will adored the sound of the methodic turning of the locomotives wheels, the hustle and bustle of the train yard and the fact that he had the privilege to literally drive the economy in a 200 ton, 7000 horsepower machine. â€Å"The most efficient means of transportation, steel on steel,† he says proudly. He now commanded trains with at least sixty box cars just like the company of soldiers he led just a short while ago. Uncle Will informs me that though the job often kept him away a lot with trips to Chicago and other mid-western cities he was proud to be transporting the materials to help the U. S prosper. He coveted every moment he spent with his locomotive the diesel powered Dual-Service Erie-Built Train Master, â€Å"I called her Audrey after Audrey Hepburn, they showed her movies to us in the service† Uncle Will laughs as he finishes his statement. Audrey was navigating her way through the extensive network of railways across the country and with that even I feel a bit of admiration of the industry. His devotion to the train industry is fascinating. I ask him to tell me more about his duties as a conductor. The conductor has the duty of accelerating, breaking, changing tracks and supervising the crew, pretty important,† he adds with a chuckle. His days on the helm of the locomotive began to blur together days became months and months turned to years but he says â€Å" every time I pushed the accelerator I still had that goose bump sensation I felt the first time I pushed her to full speed. † Buffalo was still enjoying economic growth through the sixti es still thriving on America’s appetite for steel. In the late sixties as my Uncle explained he noticed a change, less noise at the rail yard the sound of wheels turning was less prevalent the methodic rhythm slowing down just like buffalo’s economy. Everyone could sense the change and the smiles began to fade. I want to know the reason for this change in demand. Uncle Will proclaimed with anger in his voice â€Å"Foreign steel was being imported from places like China and Korea. It was much cheaper and industry wants to save money. † The lack of demand for Buffalo’s number one export closed the doors of Bethlehem and Republic Steel. Thousand lost their jobs. â€Å"You could call this moment in time the death of our city â€Å"he adds. This was and is the beginning of the continual decline of the Queen City. Uncle Will was right unemployment rates were 6% and today is 9. 6% according to the New York State Department of Labor (www. labor. state. ny. us). This downturn affected all subsequent history. Unemployment caused crime rates to rise, drug use was rampant on the east side of town and it was spreading at a rapid rate. Today buffalo is littered with abandoned homes even ornate Roman Catholic churches have seen their doors and windows boarded up. â€Å"The city as I knew it was gone† with these words I hear a solemn sigh. I wanted this interview to be about how the railroad industry affected his life however by the way it started I should have known the interview was just a means for Uncle Will to tell me about the city he watched grow to greatness and the sadness it brings him to watch its decline. I peer out the window there is a light blanket of snow covering the concrete and the small bush he has in his front yard. It looks pretty and peaceful but looks can be deceiving. Uncle Will mention’s that even in his neighborhood crime was creeping in â€Å"the house just two doors down was burglarized just a week ago† he proclaims with a deep sadness in his eyes. I look closer at Uncle William’s face tired and worn like the work boots in the front hall, his soul wearing away. This man has done so much in his life he volunteered when his country needed him and guided trains on the veins of Buffalo, pumping its blood of steel around the fledging nation. Without sadness there cannot be joy and without depression there cannot be growth. Unfortunately this weary old man is still sitting in his old red recliner coffee cup in hand staring out the window at the city streets once home to the laughter of playing children now quiet and desolate. He says â€Å"I’d leave this place but there are too many memories in this old house, too many memories in this old city. †

Paper on Intramuros

I entered through the gate along And Street and the first thing I noticed was the presence of security guards wearing nice blue uniforms with large hats. I only found out later that they were wearing Guardia Civil attire and it did add a Spanish touch, as well as added security in the district. I would see dozens of them during my trip. The first museum I visited was the Kiss Heritage Center as it was the one closest to where I entered. One officer was kind enough to direct to me to the museum and I found myself walking along And Street. It was not long before I saw a sales making TTS way through the old streets of Intramural.The streets did feel old and also most of the buildings along the road looked old and had a hint of Spanish influence. And as I was walking to the Kiss Heritage Center, I passed by the Placid del Asana, which was the first clear tribute to the Spanish influence I saw. It was painted in the unmistakable bright red and yellow colors of the Spanish flag. After my t our of the Heritage Center, my next stop was the Case Manila at the Plaza San Luis Complex. As I got closer, I noticed the concrete streets turn into cobblestone and the buildings had more of that Spanish tinge.The area around the Plaza San Luis Complex, which is situated Just across the San Austin Church and Museum, was clearly restored and maintained to recreate Intramural as it was during the colonization: a city for the privileged Spanish and messiest. The Case Manila Museum provided a closer look into lifestyle of the Messiest and the Spanish elite. They did a great re-creation of the interior of a Spanish home. I would have preferred to have a closer look at the rooms but they limited viewers to a red carpet path that goes around and throughout the museum.The display was very ell-thought out and even the tiniest of details, especially in the Cochin, were present. Some of the furniture and even some of the design looked familiar to me, and I realized I had seen similar wooden f urniture at my grandmother's ancestral home back in Zebu. The rooms were very huge, especially the salsa area, and it was very hot despite the many electric fans placed in the corners of the rooms. I can only imagine how hot it was for the Spanish residents, mores for those who came from Spain, where they had a more welcoming climate.Being sent to the Philippines could eave been the last thing any Spaniard would have wanted. However, at least they were better off than the people living outside the walls of Intramural. I exited the museum through an old, worn-down stone staircase and outside I could see a stone fountain and the Spanish-era architecture of the Complex. When I went down the hoping for memorabilia or at least replicas of any antiquities of the Spanish period. I could not help but laugh at all the odd trinkets they were selling, which had nothing to do with Spanish.Origami dragons and a Kim Possible action figure were Just a pair f things that seemed very out of place. I crossed the street over to the San Austin Church and it Just so happened that I visited in the middle of a wedding ceremony. The stone church walls were old and worn down but the interior was amazing. It is a great testament to how Spain brought about Christianity to the Philippines. The museum was huge and it would take you at least an hour to view everything on display. They showcased statues of the Holy Family, the saints, apostles and other Catholic figures.They had giant paintings of Augustine priests along the corridors and a rooms devoted to the efferent Augustine churches in the Philippines and even vestments of Catholic priests. What surprised me the most during my tour around the museum was the room they called the â€Å"Script. † It was a crypt built within the monastery that held the bodies of 141 prisoners of war and it also displayed a monument to honor those fallen dead. My last stop was Fort Santiago which was on the far end of Intramural. It was a long walk and I passed by the Shrine of Freedom, another monument dedicated to the victims of war.Then I passed by the Manila Cathedral, which was still under renovation. The great structure was more evidence of the importance of Christianity which was brought upon by the Spanish rule. When I arrived at Fort Santiago, I saw a large group of people, foreigners and even some Filipinos, gathered around a tour guide. However, I decided that I would explore the area on my own. At the entrance of the actual fortress, I got to see the bronze footsteps of Racial, the last steps he took. There was also an exhibit of Irrational furniture which displayed the tables, books, paintings and all that were related to Racial.I also got to view the dungeons where recliners were kept and where even some had died. There was also a monument that honored those who passed within the fortress. My experience during the trip to Intramural gave a pretty good picture of what life was like during the Spanish era. Although it may have been a very difficult time for our country, it played an important role in our history. I really support the whole idea of remembering and preserving at least some Spanish culture and some structures. It was easy to see that the people living within Intramural during the Spanish era were living good lives (I. . Spanish and Messiest). They were living relatively extravagant lives as compared to those outside of the walls. It also repeatedly showed the significance of Christianity back then, and we can see that persevere until today. However, we must also remember that it was a place of imprisonment and death; a burial ground for others. It gives us a pretty picture of how life was like for the average Spaniard, and a very common part of that picture is the death of thousands during those times. Even though the Spaniards built up those walls as barriers, they could not escape the reality of violence and death.

Theories of Addiction General Counseling Methods

Theories of Addiction General Counseling Methods General counseling methods There are numerous counseling methods applicable in the treatment of addictions. They are helpful in establishing critical treatment methods meant to curb the aspects of drug abuse and the alleged addictions. One of the general counseling methods applicable in this context is the motivational interviewing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Addiction: General Counseling Methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drug addicts require well-orchestrated counseling mechanisms that will enhance their willingness to quit drug abuse and the characterizing addiction. Motivational interviewing tends to unveil the issues related to drug addiction and formulate strategies that can motivate drug addicts to quite the vice (Peele, 1998). Another treatment method is the Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT). CBT addresses all emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunctions usually experienced by drug addicts. This makes the method quite relevant and applicable as a treatment method in the entire context. The two methods chosen are useful in the addiction treatment due to their applicability, convenience, relevancy, and conventionality in counseling and addressing the provisions of drug addiction. Dry Drunk Syndrome Dry Drunk Syndrome refers to a situation where one seems drunk even without taking any alcohol (experiences alcoholic lapse). The situation is evident among addicted individuals who usually experience withdrawal symptoms after quitting the concerned drug. The alcoholic retains mental and behavioral characters connected with drunkenness (DeSena, 2005). This occurs even when he/she has not drunk alcohol. This syndrome relates perfectly with most of the theories studied in this module. Theoretically, addicted individuals or those who have consumed alcohol for long might face mental problems thus exhibiting behaviors related to drunkenness even if they have not taken alc ohol. This relates to the aspects of addiction mentioned earlier in the paper. A situation of an ex-smoker who socially smokes An ex-smoker who socially smokes is probably enhancing his or her smoking behaviors again. It is important to understand that despite him or her quitting smoking, the fact that he/she occasionally smokes is devastating. His body system might rekindle the smoking behavior hence posing a considerable threat to his/her wellbeing. This is a very important consideration in various aspects. There is a substantial root of addiction in this situation. Biologically, the body system of this ex-smoker will start registering the chemicals (nicotine) presented to it by the cigarette hence triggering the aspects of addiction.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The body will need the chemical in order to operate fully. Additionally, the situation might trigger the wi thdrawal symptoms associated with smoking hence necessitating him/her to smoke again (Peele, 1998). Psychologically, the concerned ex-smoker might develop a system where he/she enjoys social smoking hence must do it daily. This triggers the aspects of addiction by submitting to the psychological needs. Lindesmiths Conditioning Model The study of addiction affects societal perceptions on addiction in numerous ways. The study demonstrates the cognitive aspects of addiction plus other related psychological concerns in this context. Illuminating extensively on the scientific and psychological prospects of addiction can reform how the society perceives it. This is an important consideration in various contexts. According to Lindesmith, the society will be able to perceive addiction differently hence making approaches in fighting/preventing the vice (Peele, 1998). Concurrently, it is important to agree that addiction has been over-diagnosed in the US’s culture as claimed. There are various instances of the vice despite the efforts to eradicate it. Additionally, various people in the society including the youth have indulged into drug abuse and addiction. Conclusively, the outline of a ‘successful theory of addiction’ is adequate due to its applicability, appropriateness, conventionality, and efficiency in discerning the aspects of addiction. References DeSena, J. (2005). Overcoming your alcohol, drug and recovery habits: An empowering alternative to AA and 12-step treatment. Tuscan, Arizona: See Sharp Press. Peele, S. (1998). The meaning of addiction: An unconventional view. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

30 Words Containing the Letters sm

30 Words Containing the Letters sm 30 Words Containing the Letters sm 30 Words Containing the Letters sm By Mark Nichol After writing a post about the suffix -ism, I explored the class of words that include the letters s and m in sequence in which the letters are not a consonant blend (as in small) or in which the s is not at the end of a prefix (as in besmirch and dismiss); with some exceptions (specified), they have in common an origin in Greek. Here are the qualifying words I found that do not use the suffix -ism or do not refer exclusively to a medical or scientific condition or phenomenon (though a couple of specialized terms that have acquired one or more figurative senses are included). 1. abysmal: very bad; abysm is a poetic alternative to abyss, from the Late Latin abyssus, meaning â€Å"bottomless pit† (which derives abyssos, meaning â€Å"bottomless pool,† although the sm ending either resulted from the superlative abyssimus or was created in imitation of Greek words) 2. basmati: a variety of rice, from Hindi, meaning â€Å"something fragrant† 3. cataclysm: a deluge, from kataklysmos, meaning â€Å"flood† or â€Å"inundation† 4. charisma: charm, from kharisma, meaning â€Å"favor† or â€Å"divine gift†; originally referred to exceptional authority or leadership 5. chasm: a deep crack, from khasma, meaning â€Å"gulf† 6. chiasmus: the inversion for rhetorical effect of two or more clauses (as in Voltaire’s quotation â€Å"The instinct of a man is to pursue everything that flies from him, and to fly from all that pursues him†), from khiasmos, meaning â€Å"crosswise or diagonal arrangement† 7. chiliasm: belief in Christ’s 1,000-year reign on Earth, ultimately from khilioi, meaning â€Å"a thousand† or referring to the number 1,000 8. chrism: a balm in oil used in church rituals, from khrisma, meaning â€Å"an anointing† 9. cosmetic: a substance used in improving one’s appearance (the plural form, cosmetics, refers to such products collectively), or, as an adjective, pertaining to personal beautification- and the words have an additional sense of â€Å"superficial† or â€Å"for the sake of appearances†- from kosmetikos, meaning â€Å"skilled in adorning or arranging†; these words and cosmetology, the term for the study of beautification, are related to cosmos (see below) in the sense of order or arrangement 10. cosmos: the universe (referred to as â€Å"the cosmos†), from kosmos, meaning â€Å"order† or â€Å"orderly arrangement†; more often seen as cosmic, the adjectival form, and cosmo- is the root word of cosmology (a word for the study of the universe) and other words, and a form of the root is also seen in macrocosm, meaning â€Å"something seen as a miniature version of something larger,† and microcosm, meaning â€Å"a large system consisting of many smaller ones† 11. desmesne: a domain or estate, or possession or use of one’s land, from a respelling in Anglo-French of the Middle English term demeine (â€Å"domain†) 12. dismal: wretched, from the Latin phrase dies mali (â€Å"evil days†) 13. enthusiasm: eagerness or zeal, from enthousiasmos, meaning â€Å"divine inspiration† 14. gismo: gadget (variant spelling of gizmo, of unknown origin) 15. iconoclasm: criticism of conventional beliefs or standard institutions, from eikonoklastes, meaning â€Å"image breaker†; originally referred to literal destruction of images and objects considered idolatrous 16. jasmine: a plant, from Persian 17. kismet: fate, from Arabic qisma, meaning â€Å"portion† or â€Å"lot† 18. melisma: one of several specific types of musical expression, from melisma, meaning â€Å"song† or â€Å"melody† 19. mesmerize: captivate, or hold spellbound, from the name of hypnosis pioneer Anton Mesmer 20. miasma: a literal or figurative cloud or fog of an unhealthy or unpleasant or obscuring nature, from miasma, meaning â€Å"pollution† 21. orgasm: sexual excitement, from orgasmos, meaning â€Å"excitement† or â€Å"swelling† (also a verb referring to the sensation); the noun refers, by extension, to any stimulating experience (note also two slang terms modeled on orgasm: geekgasm, referring to a nerd’s exultation about, for example, a new computer program or video game, and eargasm, the result of an extremely pleasurable song or sound 22. osmosis: movement of a liquid through a solid, or, figuratively, learning or understanding something easily or smoothly; this word is an invention of New Latin and does not come from Greek 23. paroxysm: a sudden attack or a convulsion, from paroxysmos, meaning â€Å"irritation† or â€Å"exasperation†; now also used colloquially to refer to an outburst of emotion 24. phantasm: a ghost or illusion, from phantasma, meaning â€Å"image† or â€Å"phantom†; a related word is phantasmagoria, referring to an exhibition of optical effects or illusions, a constantly changing scene, or a bizarre collection 25. prism: a medium or a shape that refracts light, from prisma, meaning â€Å"something sawn†; also, figuratively, something that colors, distorts, or slants one’s perspective 26. sarcasm: a form of darkly humorous criticism in which the words stated are the opposite of the intended meaning, as in â€Å"Well, that went well!† for a disastrous incident, from sarkasmos, meaning â€Å"jest† or â€Å"taunt† 27. schism: originally referred to dissension within the Catholic Church but now also pertains to any disagreement in philosophy or policy, from skhisma, meaning â€Å"division† 28. seismic: pertaining to earthquakes, from seismos, meaning â€Å"a shaking,† â€Å"a shock,† or â€Å"an earthquake†; several words derived from the root seismo-, such as seismology (the name for the study of earthquakes) and seismograph (the word for a device that measures the motions of an earthquake) also exist (seismic also might be used to describe something of hugely significant import) 29. spasm: a sudden violent muscular contraction, ultimately from spasmos, meaning â€Å"convulsion†; also loosely employed to refer to an emotional outburst 30. talisman: a good-luck charm or something believed to have magical or miraculous powers, from telesma, meaning â€Å"consecration† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Should returning veterans be given preference on police hiring lists Term Paper

Should returning veterans be given preference on police hiring lists - Term Paper Example Nonetheless, in these circumstances, many of the returning veterans try to join other jobs again in order to bring back normalcy in their life. In relation to this context, there are a number of federal laws that been enacted for these s veterans. These federal laws have acted as an important protection for veterans with disabilities who are searching for new jobs or are already in the workplace. Consequently, these federal laws have been differentiated into two parts under title I. These two parts of federal laws under title I include Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which is applied by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in order to protect private, state along with local government employees from being discriminated on the subject of disability. On the other hand, the other law is Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) which is acting as a protection for reemploying veterans with and without services2. THESIS STATEMENT This stu dy intends to provide valid justifications with regard to the context that returning army veterans should be given preference on police hiring lists. The validity of the opinion would be ascertained with the aid of practical instances of the present provisions in place for re-hiring veterans in the nation. JUSTIFICATION Arguments in Favor. It can be argued that returning army veterans ought to be given preference on police hiring lists primarily because of their prior experience in dealing with the challenges that might have to be faced while serving in the police force. Ex-army servicemen can be a perfect entrant into a police hiring list. While army, police and security forces may possess the most directly applicable skill set, service members from a variety of occupational specialists are also well suited to police service. Moreover, the army veterans are more disciplined about their duty for the nation and they possess an in-depth understanding regarding the intricacies associat ed with the services. They are generally extremely committed about their assigned roles and responsibilities as during their tenure in army they need to deal with major challenges along with taking prompt decisions that might be quite beneficial in police services as well. Furthermore, army veterans are generally extremely physically fit and get toughened up while serving the armed forces. Army veterans also become quite matured psychologically and they can easily handle their emotion, which might be a key factor while executing an assortment of activities in police force. In this regard, it can be further evaluated that returning veterans possess vast amount of technical knowledge and valuable skills as well as they have the ability to lead others. Army veterans have always given attention to details and they are able to deal with war time scenarios efficiently that may benefit the police services. On the other hand, if the police forces are hiring students or any other persons for the police services then they might have to face certain problems because these individuals living at home at time possess little life experiences. These young people generally have no experiences and no skills with arms. Moreover, they at times lack in terms of depicting required leadership skills